The Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) has unveiled proposed regulations for earth stations in motion (ESIM) and the registration of foreign satellite operators, aimed at modernising satellite Internet services across the country. Draft amendments to the Radio Frequency Spectrum Amendment Regulations, 2006, published on May 15, 2026, introduce significant compliance measures and penalties, including fines of up to US$299,618 for non-compliance.
Stakeholders interested in the new regulatory framework have until June 29, 2026, to provide feedback on the proposed changes concerning ESIMs and foreign satellite operators. ICASA defines ESIMs as satellite terminals mounted on moving platforms such as ships, trains, cars, or aeroplanes, enabling continuous broadband connectivity during travel.
A notable amendment under regulation 28 of the Radio Frequency Spectrum Amendment Regulations includes a new section titled “28A. Earth Stations in Motion”, which emphasises that satellite services and transmissions to ESIMs within South Africa’s borders require ICASA authorisation. Unauthorised operations will lead to immediate action, including the sealing or seizing of radio apparatus.
Key regulatory points include requirements for all transmission equipment to meet specific technical specifications and type-approval criteria for both installation and operation. Notably, ICASA will not authorise ESIMs that are not connected to satellite networks filed with the ITU Radiocommunication Bureau. However, ESIMs complying with certain ITU resolutions and reports, and those on authorised aircraft or ships, may be exempt from licensing if operating in the country for less than 90 days.
Additionally, ESIM operations must be monitored by a Network Control and Monitoring Centre, which can remotely mute or turn off any compromised devices. Operators cannot claim any protection against the development of terrestrial services, ensuring a level playing field. In cases of harmful interference from terrestrial systems, ICASA reserves the right to immediately halt ESIM transmissions.
ICASA emphasised that these regulations reflect a response to the growing demand for constant connectivity worldwide. With ESIMs leveraging fixed-satellite service networks, they promise to enhance communication for users on the go, including passengers on aircraft and vessels. This regulatory update aims to balance technological advancement with necessary oversight in South Africa’s evolving digital landscape.
